Realizable Paths and the NL vs L Problem

نویسنده

  • Shiva Kintali
چکیده

A celebrated theorem of Savitch [Sav70] states that NSPACE(S) ⊆ DSPACE(S). In particular, Savitch gave a deterministic algorithm to solve ST-CONNECTIVITY (an NL-complete problem) using O(logn) space, implying NL ⊆ DSPACE(logn). While Savitch’s theorem itself has not been improved in the last four decades, studying the space complexity of several special cases of STCONNECTIVITY has provided new insights into the space-bounded complexity classes. In this paper, we introduce new kind of graph connectivity problems which we call graph realizability problems. All of our graph realizability problems are generalizations of UNDIRECTED STCONNECTIVITY. ST-REALIZABILITY, the most general graph realizability problem, is LogCFLcomplete. We define the corresponding complexity classes that lie between L and LogCFL and study their relationships. As special cases of our graph realizability problems we define two natural problems, BALANCED ST-CONNECTIVITY and POSITIVE BALANCED ST-CONNECTIVITY, that lie between L and NL. We present a deterministic O(lognloglogn) space algorithm for BALANCED ST-CONNECTIVITY. More generally we prove that SGSLogCFL, a generalization of BALANCED ST-CONNECTIVITY, is contained in DSPACE(lognloglogn). To achieve this goal we generalize several concepts (such as graph squaring and transitive closure) and algorithms (such as parallel algorithms) known in the context of UNDIRECTED ST-CONNECTIVITY.

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تاریخ انتشار 2010